Oprah Winfrey free essay sample

Winfrey: Catalyst for Change American TV have, entertainer, maker, and humanitarian Oprah Winfrey, has had an effect in transit ladies think, eat, study, shop, exercise, and lead. Oprah has utilized her influence and riches to change the lives of individuals around the globe. Winfrey has helped youngsters in South Africa and in the U. S. have superior training and home. Through her syndicated program, Oprah has additionally helped individuals open up about their past and offer their suppositions on close to home and genuine themes. Oprah Winfrey was conceived on January 29th, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Oprah was an upset youngster when she was more youthful. She was explicitly manhandled by family companions. â€Å"She played hooky, dated numerous young men, and took from her mother’s satchel. She fled from home more than once. (Katherine Krohn)†. At a youthful age, Oprah moved around ordinarily to places of different family members. Notwithstanding this effectively hard life, Oprah got pregnant at fourteen years old. We will compose a custom exposition test on Oprah Winfrey or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She concealed her pregnancy from everybody, including her father, by wearing loose attire. She went into early work because of stress. Unfortunately, the infant kicked the bucket fourteen days after the fact, before Oprah started secondary school. Oprah Winfrey is an impetus for change since she established Angel organize and the Leadership Academy for Girls in South Africa, and her very own syndicated program that changed the world until the end of time. Beginning as extra change going into school grants, Oprah’s Angel Network has developed and helped kids locate superior instruction and way of life. â€Å"Its most popular undertakings incorporate subsidizing modifying endeavors of the Gulf coast networks crushed by Hurricane Katrina and building fifty-five country schools in twelve nations (Huffington Post)†. The system likewise worked around 300 homes which was a piece of their assistance to casualties of Hurricane Katrina and Rita. Not exclusively does the system help territories around the globe that have been it by calamity, however they additionally help youngsters. Due to the system, kids in more than twenty-seven nations have books. Oprah likewise assembled the Seven Foundations Primary School in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. The new elementary school has helped in excess of a thousand young men and young ladies. The system â€Å"provides books for under-resourced kids where a book club choice is a set (Oprah. com)†. They have given training to a large number of kids in country territories all through the world. They help undeserved ladies and kids ascend to their latent capacity. Heavenly attendant Network â€Å"provided more than one million dollars worth of school supplies, including school regalia and shoes, to ruined South African youngsters (Oprah. com)†. In addition to the fact that Oprah helped individuals training astute, she additionally helped individuals communicate unreservedly. The Oprah Winfrey Talk Show has helped individuals talk about their issues and feelings straightforwardly. During the show, Oprah shares her sentiments, privileged insights, and issues with her watchers. Since Oprah shared her emotions on the syndicated program, visitors were enlivened to speak straightforwardly about their issues as well. At the point when a visitor was vexed, Oprah for the most part gave her an embrace or contacted her (Katherine Krohn)†. Not at all like most television shows w hich just welcomed renowned individuals to chat on the air, Oprah had an otherworldly and significant subject to her show. â€Å"On a show about weight reduction, Oprah discussed her own battle with food (Katherine Krohn)†. Her own encounters with getting in shape propelled others to get sound. â€Å"Oprah posed individual inquiries that she figured individuals would be keen on (Katherine Krohn)†. Oprah would in some cases bring an amplifier into the crowd and have individuals express their feelings on a specific theme. Oprah made an arrangement to broaden her show until the 2010-2011 Season. Her show has disclosed on TV for more than twenty-two years and has edified millions. â€Å"With her TV appear, Oprah got more cash-flow $125,000,000 every year (Katherine Krohn)†. Oprah likewise needed to help young ladies who were resolved to get instruction. Oprah hand chosen young ladies from South Africa who might go to the cutting edge Leadership Academy. Oprah searched for young ladies who were solid and would not let destitution prevent them from arriving at their fantasies. The foundation cost $40,000,000 US dollars. The foundation comprises of a fifty-two section of land grounds with twenty-eight structures. The grounds incorporates residences, a feasting lobby, libraries, two theaters, a health place, and that's just the beginning. On the excellent opening day in January of 2007, the school opened with 152 young ladies, age 11-12, who might go to seventh and eighth grade classes. Oprah manufactured one of her homes on the school’s grounds. Oprah expressed, â€Å"I need to be close to my young ladies and be in a situation to perceive how they’ve done. † Oprah needs the young ladies to encounter the world. Individuals censured Oprah for spending a lot of cash on the school. Pundits brought up the chimneys in the structure, high string tally sheets, yoga classes, and a wonder salon. Many proposed that Oprah’s cash could have been utilized to teach more understudies if those extravagances were saved (Elizabeth Fry)†. Opra h Winfrey has gone to long degrees to help individuals around the globe. She has utilized all her capacity for good. Oprah has utilized her capacity to help individuals around the globe have better lives. Her Angel Network has raise over $8 million to instruct ladies and kids wherever to have faith in themselves (The Women’s Conference)†. She has utilized her ability of open addressing assist individuals with communicating their sentiments. Her Leadership Academy has helped young ladies have superior training and see what the world has for them. Oprah went from clothes to newfound wealth to accommodate the individuals who are in need all around the globe. Work Cited Page Fry, Elizabeth, â€Å"The History of Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls in South Africa,† About http://oprah. about. com â€Å"History of Angel Network,† Oprah (on the web) Available: http://www. oprah. com Krohn, Katherine. Oprah Winfrey: Global Media Leader. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2009. 112. â€Å"Why We Honor Her,† The Womens Conference (on the web) Available: http://www. womensconference. organization

Speech - The Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

Discourse The Meaning of Life Essay Is human life only a fantasy, from which we never truly conscious, as some incredible scholars guarantee? Is it true that we are lowered by our sentiments, by our loves and abhors, by our thoughts of good, terrible, wonderful, and dreadful? It is safe to say that we are unequipped for knowing past those thoughts and emotions? Is the truth we realize a reality forced to us essentially? Are the truth and the significance of life a production of men, for example, music, or love or hues? At the point when I think about the brief span of my life, gobbled up in the unending length of time that lies when it, when I consider the little space I fill and I see, immersed in the boundless hugeness of spaces of which I am ignorant, I rest scared, and amazed, for there is no motivation behind why I ought to be here as opposed to there. Who has put me here? By whose request and heading have this spot and time have been credited to me? Love offers significance to our lives as do kinship, or workmanship or confidence in God. These are variables of genuine satisfaction, of inward harmony, of sentiments of amicability, permitting importance to our reality. Be that as it may, there is the opposite side. There is the brutality of life, the agony, the insidiousness, not to discuss demise. At the point when the Tsimtsum sank, not exclusively was Pi pushed eye to eye with the obscure, however he likewise lost his family, the center of his human setting. Rather, he needed to attempt to endure. Life of Pi is an anecdote about attempting to make due through apparently unconquerable chances. All through the novel, characters are looking for the significance of life. Pi relinquishes his deep rooted vegetarianism and eats fish to continue himself. Squeezed orange, the tranquil orangutan, battles brutally against the hyena. Indeed, even the seriously injured zebra fights to remain alive; his moderate, difficult battle distinctively outlines the sheer quality of his life power. As Martel clarifies in his novel, living animals will frequently do phenomenal, unforeseen, and some of the time gallant things to endure. Be that as it may, they will likewise do disgraceful and primitive things whenever squeezed. Precisely like people. It is between these pendulums the positive, the one that gives bliss and meaning, and the negative that our lives are lived. What's more, when we contemplate pretty much all that, we show up at a differing and differing set of considerations about the significance and reason forever. Women and men of their word, thank you for your time and consideration. I trust I have explained the musings of a few, to know about the immense world we live in and the dumbfounding creatures we genuinely are. Address others of your contemplations and information; I am certain they will tune in.

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Large Animals

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Large Animals Sample TOEFL Integrated EssayThe QuestionThis integrated (Type 1) question is taken from a Korean textbook. I am not permitted to provide the lecture and reading here, but if you need some practice tests I highly recommend buying theOfficial TOEFL iBT Tests Collection fromETS.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample EssayThe reading and the lecture are both about why animals that existed in the “early earth” period were larger than animals today. The author of the reading presents three possible explanations for this phenomenon. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in the article. She thinks that none of the theories are supported by facts or evidence.First of all, the author claims that animals were larger because the early earth had a greater supply of oxygen. He notes that high oxygen levels stimulate growth in certain species. This point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that the atmosphere of the early earth was full of poisonous gasses which made it difficult for animals to breathe. She points out that oxygen levels were not higher than they are today.Secondly, the author states that animals that existed in the early earth period grew large as a result of having access to abundant plant life to feed on. He argues that animals grew large because they consumed high levels of nutrients and that they passed down their size to succeeding generations. This argument is rebutted by the lecturer. She suggests that plant life was in fact abundant, but that it was mostly low in nutrients. She notes that this is because plants rely on carbon dioxide to grow strong, but they did not have much carbon dioxide during the period.Finally, the author mentions that warm climates caused animals in this period to grow large. He is of the opinion that because they did not have to use energy to stay warm, they were able to channel it into growing larger bodies. The lecturer, on the other hand, feels that in today’s era warm climates are mostly known for having small animals. She puts forth the idea that massive bodies are disadvantageous in warm climates.NoteThis is a sample TOEFL integrated essay written by a native speaker. It follows our TOEFL writing templates for integrated essays. If you find it useful, please remember that we have many more sample essaysfor you to read!

Data Collection and Management Techniques Free Essay Example, 750 words

The task of a qualitative researcher is to make sure that the participants become used to having the researcher plus the recording devise around. This can be achieved by the researcher making pre-visits to the site before the initial data collection. The task of a qualitative researcher is to make sure that the participants become used to having the researcher plus the recording devise around. This can be achieved by the researcher making pre-visits to the site before the initial data collection. The simplest field notes are taken on a writing pad where the researcher doddle whatever fells to be essential. A stenograph book can be used when a more complicated kind of field notes is to be done, this is usually common among journalists. Field notes make sense to anyone besides the researcher. They are part of his memory system. According to Kreuger (2000), a good way to make them last longer is to interpret the notes into comprehensible phrases within a short time. Data management in qualitative research refers to a way to stock the data, to categorize it, to make sense out of the collection and to communicate the findings to readers or the interested parties. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Collection and Management Techniques or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Causes Of The American Revolution - 743 Words

The American Revolution was a battle that was fought between countries across the globe. Many countries were involved in this fight. Spain, France, Mysore, Holland, and the United States fought against Great Britain. There were multiple factors that lead to this Revolution. Beginning with the United States in 1764 the American Sugar Act and Stamp Act was having restrictions placed on it from England’s Congress. Then, in 1774 Parliament was passing laws and placing taxes upon the colonists which they did not agree with. Relationships between Holland and England had deteriorated due to disagreements with the Dutch trading with rebels. England got a secret treaty and used it to declare war on the Netherlands. During this time Holland and†¦show more content†¦This aided them tremendously since she offered them all the help and supplies they needed whilst remaining a â€Å"neutral† country. Next are the American Loyalists, the ones whom remain faithful to Britain throughout the American Revolution. During the revolution, there were the Loyalists and the Patriots. Patriots were also known as the Revolutionaries. The Patriots or the Revolutionaries were fighting against Britain and the crown for power of their own. They did not want to be under Britain’s reign nor let Britain have say so over anything they done. To intimidate the Loyalists, the Patriots did terrible things. One of the few things that the Loyalists had to go through was â€Å"tar and feathering†. â€Å"Tar and feathering† was the process where people are stripped naked, drenched in tar, then covered in feathers. Whilst covered in this disgusting mixture they are to parade around town while being mocked then having the feathers plucked off their naked bodies. Another way Loyalists were tortured was not necessarily physically but they often had property seized and were under personal attacks constantly. Personally, I feel for them because I know living throug h this must have been hell. On the same token, they possibly should have considered remaining faithful to their country by moving back rather than staying here to get harassed and killed. As for the remaining slaves owned by Loyalists after the war they were freed by Britain they still did notShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolu tions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution913 Words   |  4 Pages While the american revolution was caused from taxes, it was also formed from the effects of a corrupt system of government. The effects of britains rule was a much bigger flame for the revolution then the taxes placed upon citizens. The american revolution was an event that will forever shape us as a country. It was a tough war filled with blood and brutal acts of violence, but it was also an awakening for the colonies that will later become the United States, it showed that while under a governmentRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCaus es Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the French

Birthday dishes Free Essays

A birthday is a personal day for all children or adults. Planning for birthday dishes may seem like a simple project, but it can be difficult with a lot of work. Organization, preparation, and food selection. We will write a custom essay sample on Birthday dishes or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, we needed a good organization. For example, making a list of family, relatives, friends, others in order to know the number of the guests Secondly, we spent time selecting the right food. Informal meals usually include appetizer and drinks, the main dishes and deserts as ell as the local dishes. Prepare the appetizer, which can include salads, nuts, potato chips, and snacks. Soft drinks, fruit Juice, and alcohol go well with the appetizer. Prepare the main dishes, such as chicken in paste, School food like pasted mammalian serve with potatoes and salty Nile parched in paste(agar) which are my favorite dishes, green vegetables in paste, grind pea in paste (mongo) served with moo- yea, and bush meat , roasted pork, , grilled chicken, all serve with potatoes, smashed cassava, rice, millet, maize and sorghum posh, Cheesecake and apple pie, paw-paw, avocado, the lion’s heart, pineapple, mangoes can also be Included with the deserts and My mother spent the whole day in the kitchen cooking and preparing all the above for us. The cake arrived in the evening and soon my friends and other Invited guests started pouring in. At last, making my birthday dishes takes a lot of time. Through organization, preparing, and selecting the food, I found out that planning a successful birthday party dishes was not really simple and easy. How to cite Birthday dishes, Papers

Organizational Management for Contingent and Planned Aspects

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Management for Contingent and Planned Aspects. Answer: Introduction The essay helps in analysing the relationship between the contingent and planned aspects of the organization and the impact of the same on the guidance of the organizational design. Proper analysis is required to be done as this will help in understanding such aspects in an effectual manner. The main aim and purpose of the essay is to identify the different kind of relationships that is integral part of the business. Proper kind of relationship is required to be maintained effectively as this will help in achieving the organizational goals. The structure of the essay includes the relationship between planned and contingent aspects of the organization in an effectual manner. The evaluation of the relevance of the organizational design has to be analysed effectually as this will help in analysing distinctive features of the contemporary organizational environment. Relationship between the contingent and planned aspects of organization In the present era, it has been seen that society along with the entire organization have a clear and accurate relationship that is essential and integral part for the success of the entire business. The organization is the entire group of individuals who work together in the organized manner to accomplish the common along with overall goal of the entire organization. The society is defined as the community of different kind of individuals who are living in the society or region wherein they share the same kind of customs and association of laws as well (Wolf and Floyd, 2017). Furthermore, the external and internal environment of different organizations keeps on changing and there is huge kind of uncertainty wherein there is no such prediction of the future as well (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright 2017). However, it is hard for the organizations to prepare themselves for different kind of situations that occur accidently and that is beyond the control as well. The different managers of the organization need to realize and be aware about the structure of the organizational structure that is required in order to gain competitive advantage. The managers of the organization have to practice and realize how to assistance of the effectiveness of the design of the organization by the inclusion of planning along with different kind of contingent strategies as this will help the company in sustaining for a long-term in the entire competitive market (Ivert et al., 2015). Planning is defined as the process of thinking wherein proper assumptions are required to be made about the current realities along with future probabilities as well (Ahimbisibwe, Cavana and Daellenbach 2015). These will help in analysing and evaluating the information about the two as well wherein the planning process will address the different techniques that are required and this will help the organization in outlining the different processes for accomplishing the different objectives as well. The entire process will start with the reviewing the different kind of operational capabilities of the organization by accomplishing the objectives (Hillier 2017). Proper planning is essential in nature wherein this will help the organizations in predicting the different kind of outcomes that will help in understanding the different processes that are required to achieve the success in the competitive market (Berger 2015). The societies need the organization as this will help them in creating a stable and dynamic environment in an effectual manner. The contingent aspect of the organizational design is potential economic kind of event that may or may not occur in the future is unpredictable in nature. The contingent factors such as strategy, environment, size and age of the organization along with the technological factors will help in improving the design of the organization. The organizational design has to be planned in an effectual manner as this will help the companies in implement the technological advancements in an effectual manner. Both external and internal environment is required to be analysed as this will help in understanding the different issues and solve them effectually. Evidence from research literature Alexander (2017) commented that both planned and contingent factors play a significant role in implementing the organizational design. The contingent factors include the strategy, environment, size, age of the organization along with the technology required in the organization. Different kind of contingent factors play a significant role in analysing such changes and this will help in understanding the requirements for the strategy. Furthermore, proper planning is required to be done in the organizations as this will help the companies in understanding the different kind of strategies that needs to implemented in the organizations to plan accordingly as well. Macaulay (2018) stated that planning is essential in the different kind of organizations as this will help in analysing the number of employees who are required to understand the different kind of adoption for the change in an effectual manner. Proper technological advancements are essential with accurate planning as this will help the company in understanding the different kind of contingency factors in an effectual manner. It has been seen by Lei et al. (2016) that environment has huge influence on the process of decision making as this will help in making decisions stable in an unpredictable environment. Nemkova et al. (2015) commented that the different kind of contingency factors are helpful in deciding the different kind of among the different departments as this will help the entire organization in solving the issues and help the company in understanding the difficulties as well to improve the entire performance of the organization effectually. Proper organizational design is essential in nature in the organization as this will help the organization to implement the different kind of strategies along with other contingent factors to improve the design of the organization effectively. Sager (2017) commented that there are different kind of external factors that has to be considered by the organizations as this can affect the organizational design in a huge manner. Proper analysis of the Porters Five Forces Analysis will help in understanding the bargaining power of the suppliers along the threat from the existing and new companies. The external factors will create huge influence on the strategic design of the companies that will optimize the entire organizational design and this can create huge positive influence on the organization (Sirn and Kohtamki 2016). Reflection from own work experience When I used to work with an organization in the Human Resource Department, I was happy working in the organization as the different colleagues were helpful in making me understand the different kind of issues and helped me in analysing such issues effectively. While working in the organization, I tried to understand the relationship between the contingent and planned management in the organizational design. The entire organization was performing well in the competitive market as there was proper planning implementation in the organization. As I was in the HR department, I tried to properly plan the different activities of the organization in an effective manner as this was required in order to achieve the different targets in comparison to the other competitors in the market. The contingent decisions required proper planning in the respective organization as this helped me in understanding the different external factors in comparison to the other competitors in the market in an effectual manner. I tried to understand and analyse the size and age of the organization as this provided me a brief on analysis of the different kind of issues in an effectual manner. I considered the different kind of strategies that can be implemented by our organization that includes the change in the structure of the organization along with building different steps as to achieve such objectives in the entire organization. At the entire corporate level, the different formulation of the strategies will help in understanding the strategic objectives that will help in making the entire function effective in nature. The decision-making process was implemented by the HR department of the company with the coordination of the different departments of the organization along with analysis of the adoption to the change that can help the organization to adopt to such changes and perform better in the organization as well. Proper technological advancements are analysed by the respective organization that has helped my organization in implementing such changes and it helped in converting the different resources into outputs for the entire organization as well. There was an huge issues in the organization that was related to the backwardness in the technology in comparison to the competitors. From the entire and whole experience, it can be seen that I was successful in implementing the different kind of changes such as planned and contingency changes in the organization as this helped me in understanding the different resources effectively as well. With the help of the practical implementation, I tried to understand the different kind of relationship that exists between the contingency plan and the planning that is required in the organizations as to generate the different kind of changes in the organizations. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a huge relationship between the contingency plan and the planning as this helps the organization in understanding the different kind of requirements of technological advancements and strategies that will help in solving the different kind of issues in comparison to the competitors. The SWOT and Porters Five Forces Analysis has been done as this has helped the company in designing the entire organizational structure in such a manner as well. References Ahimbisibwe, A., Cavana, R.Y. and Daellenbach, U., 2015. A contingency fit model of critical success factors for software development projects: A comparison of agile and traditional plan-based methodologies.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,28(1), pp.7-33. Alexander, E., 2017. After rationality: Towards a contingency theory for planning. InExplorations in planning theory(pp. 45-64). Routledge. Berger, C.R., 2015. . PLANNING, AFFECT, AND SOCIAL ACTION GENERATION. InCommunication, Social Cognition, and Affect (PLE: Emotion)(pp. 109-132). Psychology Press. Hillier, J., 2017. Throwing dice: Between contingency and necessity in spatial planning. InConnections(pp. 111-128). Routledge. Ivert, L.K., Dukovska-Popovska, I., Fredriksson, A., Dreyer, H.C. and Kaipia, R., 2015. Contingency between S OP design and planning environment.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,45(8), pp.747-773. Lei, Z., Waller, M.J., Hagen, J. and Kaplan, S., 2016. Team adaptiveness in dynamic contexts: Contextualizing the roles of interaction patterns and in-process planning.Group Organization Management,41(4), pp.491-525. Macaulay, S., 2018. Non-contractual relations in business: A preliminary study. InThe Law and Society Canon(pp. 155-167). Routledge. Nemkova, E., Souchon, A.L., Hughes, P. and Micevski, M., 2015. Does improvisation help or hinder planning in determining export success? Decision theory applied to exporting.Journal of International Marketing,23(3), pp.41-65. Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management.International Journal of Project Management,35(2), pp.169-179. Sager, T., 2017. Communicative Planning. InThe Routledge Handbook of Planning Theory(pp. 105-116). Routledge. Sirn, C. and Kohtamki, M., 2016. Stretching strategic learning to the limit: The interaction between strategic planning and learning.Journal of Business Research,69(2), pp.653-663. Wolf, C. and Floyd, S.W., 2017. Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda.Journal of Management,43(6), pp.1754-1788.