Oprah Winfrey free essay sample

Winfrey: Catalyst for Change American TV have, entertainer, maker, and humanitarian Oprah Winfrey, has had an effect in transit ladies think, eat, study, shop, exercise, and lead. Oprah has utilized her influence and riches to change the lives of individuals around the globe. Winfrey has helped youngsters in South Africa and in the U. S. have superior training and home. Through her syndicated program, Oprah has additionally helped individuals open up about their past and offer their suppositions on close to home and genuine themes. Oprah Winfrey was conceived on January 29th, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Oprah was an upset youngster when she was more youthful. She was explicitly manhandled by family companions. â€Å"She played hooky, dated numerous young men, and took from her mother’s satchel. She fled from home more than once. (Katherine Krohn)†. At a youthful age, Oprah moved around ordinarily to places of different family members. Notwithstanding this effectively hard life, Oprah got pregnant at fourteen years old. We will compose a custom exposition test on Oprah Winfrey or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She concealed her pregnancy from everybody, including her father, by wearing loose attire. She went into early work because of stress. Unfortunately, the infant kicked the bucket fourteen days after the fact, before Oprah started secondary school. Oprah Winfrey is an impetus for change since she established Angel organize and the Leadership Academy for Girls in South Africa, and her very own syndicated program that changed the world until the end of time. Beginning as extra change going into school grants, Oprah’s Angel Network has developed and helped kids locate superior instruction and way of life. â€Å"Its most popular undertakings incorporate subsidizing modifying endeavors of the Gulf coast networks crushed by Hurricane Katrina and building fifty-five country schools in twelve nations (Huffington Post)†. The system likewise worked around 300 homes which was a piece of their assistance to casualties of Hurricane Katrina and Rita. Not exclusively does the system help territories around the globe that have been it by calamity, however they additionally help youngsters. Due to the system, kids in more than twenty-seven nations have books. Oprah likewise assembled the Seven Foundations Primary School in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. The new elementary school has helped in excess of a thousand young men and young ladies. The system â€Å"provides books for under-resourced kids where a book club choice is a set (Oprah. com)†. They have given training to a large number of kids in country territories all through the world. They help undeserved ladies and kids ascend to their latent capacity. Heavenly attendant Network â€Å"provided more than one million dollars worth of school supplies, including school regalia and shoes, to ruined South African youngsters (Oprah. com)†. In addition to the fact that Oprah helped individuals training astute, she additionally helped individuals communicate unreservedly. The Oprah Winfrey Talk Show has helped individuals talk about their issues and feelings straightforwardly. During the show, Oprah shares her sentiments, privileged insights, and issues with her watchers. Since Oprah shared her emotions on the syndicated program, visitors were enlivened to speak straightforwardly about their issues as well. At the point when a visitor was vexed, Oprah for the most part gave her an embrace or contacted her (Katherine Krohn)†. Not at all like most television shows w hich just welcomed renowned individuals to chat on the air, Oprah had an otherworldly and significant subject to her show. â€Å"On a show about weight reduction, Oprah discussed her own battle with food (Katherine Krohn)†. Her own encounters with getting in shape propelled others to get sound. â€Å"Oprah posed individual inquiries that she figured individuals would be keen on (Katherine Krohn)†. Oprah would in some cases bring an amplifier into the crowd and have individuals express their feelings on a specific theme. Oprah made an arrangement to broaden her show until the 2010-2011 Season. Her show has disclosed on TV for more than twenty-two years and has edified millions. â€Å"With her TV appear, Oprah got more cash-flow $125,000,000 every year (Katherine Krohn)†. Oprah likewise needed to help young ladies who were resolved to get instruction. Oprah hand chosen young ladies from South Africa who might go to the cutting edge Leadership Academy. Oprah searched for young ladies who were solid and would not let destitution prevent them from arriving at their fantasies. The foundation cost $40,000,000 US dollars. The foundation comprises of a fifty-two section of land grounds with twenty-eight structures. The grounds incorporates residences, a feasting lobby, libraries, two theaters, a health place, and that's just the beginning. On the excellent opening day in January of 2007, the school opened with 152 young ladies, age 11-12, who might go to seventh and eighth grade classes. Oprah manufactured one of her homes on the school’s grounds. Oprah expressed, â€Å"I need to be close to my young ladies and be in a situation to perceive how they’ve done. † Oprah needs the young ladies to encounter the world. Individuals censured Oprah for spending a lot of cash on the school. Pundits brought up the chimneys in the structure, high string tally sheets, yoga classes, and a wonder salon. Many proposed that Oprah’s cash could have been utilized to teach more understudies if those extravagances were saved (Elizabeth Fry)†. Opra h Winfrey has gone to long degrees to help individuals around the globe. She has utilized all her capacity for good. Oprah has utilized her capacity to help individuals around the globe have better lives. Her Angel Network has raise over $8 million to instruct ladies and kids wherever to have faith in themselves (The Women’s Conference)†. She has utilized her ability of open addressing assist individuals with communicating their sentiments. Her Leadership Academy has helped young ladies have superior training and see what the world has for them. Oprah went from clothes to newfound wealth to accommodate the individuals who are in need all around the globe. Work Cited Page Fry, Elizabeth, â€Å"The History of Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls in South Africa,† About http://oprah. about. com â€Å"History of Angel Network,† Oprah (on the web) Available: http://www. oprah. com Krohn, Katherine. Oprah Winfrey: Global Media Leader. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2009. 112. â€Å"Why We Honor Her,† The Womens Conference (on the web) Available: http://www. womensconference. organization

Speech - The Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

Discourse The Meaning of Life Essay Is human life only a fantasy, from which we never truly conscious, as some incredible scholars guarantee? Is it true that we are lowered by our sentiments, by our loves and abhors, by our thoughts of good, terrible, wonderful, and dreadful? It is safe to say that we are unequipped for knowing past those thoughts and emotions? Is the truth we realize a reality forced to us essentially? Are the truth and the significance of life a production of men, for example, music, or love or hues? At the point when I think about the brief span of my life, gobbled up in the unending length of time that lies when it, when I consider the little space I fill and I see, immersed in the boundless hugeness of spaces of which I am ignorant, I rest scared, and amazed, for there is no motivation behind why I ought to be here as opposed to there. Who has put me here? By whose request and heading have this spot and time have been credited to me? Love offers significance to our lives as do kinship, or workmanship or confidence in God. These are variables of genuine satisfaction, of inward harmony, of sentiments of amicability, permitting importance to our reality. Be that as it may, there is the opposite side. There is the brutality of life, the agony, the insidiousness, not to discuss demise. At the point when the Tsimtsum sank, not exclusively was Pi pushed eye to eye with the obscure, however he likewise lost his family, the center of his human setting. Rather, he needed to attempt to endure. Life of Pi is an anecdote about attempting to make due through apparently unconquerable chances. All through the novel, characters are looking for the significance of life. Pi relinquishes his deep rooted vegetarianism and eats fish to continue himself. Squeezed orange, the tranquil orangutan, battles brutally against the hyena. Indeed, even the seriously injured zebra fights to remain alive; his moderate, difficult battle distinctively outlines the sheer quality of his life power. As Martel clarifies in his novel, living animals will frequently do phenomenal, unforeseen, and some of the time gallant things to endure. Be that as it may, they will likewise do disgraceful and primitive things whenever squeezed. Precisely like people. It is between these pendulums the positive, the one that gives bliss and meaning, and the negative that our lives are lived. What's more, when we contemplate pretty much all that, we show up at a differing and differing set of considerations about the significance and reason forever. Women and men of their word, thank you for your time and consideration. I trust I have explained the musings of a few, to know about the immense world we live in and the dumbfounding creatures we genuinely are. Address others of your contemplations and information; I am certain they will tune in.

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Large Animals

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Large Animals Sample TOEFL Integrated EssayThe QuestionThis integrated (Type 1) question is taken from a Korean textbook. I am not permitted to provide the lecture and reading here, but if you need some practice tests I highly recommend buying theOfficial TOEFL iBT Tests Collection fromETS.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample EssayThe reading and the lecture are both about why animals that existed in the “early earth” period were larger than animals today. The author of the reading presents three possible explanations for this phenomenon. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in the article. She thinks that none of the theories are supported by facts or evidence.First of all, the author claims that animals were larger because the early earth had a greater supply of oxygen. He notes that high oxygen levels stimulate growth in certain species. This point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that the atmosphere of the early earth was full of poisonous gasses which made it difficult for animals to breathe. She points out that oxygen levels were not higher than they are today.Secondly, the author states that animals that existed in the early earth period grew large as a result of having access to abundant plant life to feed on. He argues that animals grew large because they consumed high levels of nutrients and that they passed down their size to succeeding generations. This argument is rebutted by the lecturer. She suggests that plant life was in fact abundant, but that it was mostly low in nutrients. She notes that this is because plants rely on carbon dioxide to grow strong, but they did not have much carbon dioxide during the period.Finally, the author mentions that warm climates caused animals in this period to grow large. He is of the opinion that because they did not have to use energy to stay warm, they were able to channel it into growing larger bodies. The lecturer, on the other hand, feels that in today’s era warm climates are mostly known for having small animals. She puts forth the idea that massive bodies are disadvantageous in warm climates.NoteThis is a sample TOEFL integrated essay written by a native speaker. It follows our TOEFL writing templates for integrated essays. If you find it useful, please remember that we have many more sample essaysfor you to read!

Data Collection and Management Techniques Free Essay Example, 750 words

The task of a qualitative researcher is to make sure that the participants become used to having the researcher plus the recording devise around. This can be achieved by the researcher making pre-visits to the site before the initial data collection. The task of a qualitative researcher is to make sure that the participants become used to having the researcher plus the recording devise around. This can be achieved by the researcher making pre-visits to the site before the initial data collection. The simplest field notes are taken on a writing pad where the researcher doddle whatever fells to be essential. A stenograph book can be used when a more complicated kind of field notes is to be done, this is usually common among journalists. Field notes make sense to anyone besides the researcher. They are part of his memory system. According to Kreuger (2000), a good way to make them last longer is to interpret the notes into comprehensible phrases within a short time. Data management in qualitative research refers to a way to stock the data, to categorize it, to make sense out of the collection and to communicate the findings to readers or the interested parties. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Collection and Management Techniques or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Causes Of The American Revolution - 743 Words

The American Revolution was a battle that was fought between countries across the globe. Many countries were involved in this fight. Spain, France, Mysore, Holland, and the United States fought against Great Britain. There were multiple factors that lead to this Revolution. Beginning with the United States in 1764 the American Sugar Act and Stamp Act was having restrictions placed on it from England’s Congress. Then, in 1774 Parliament was passing laws and placing taxes upon the colonists which they did not agree with. Relationships between Holland and England had deteriorated due to disagreements with the Dutch trading with rebels. England got a secret treaty and used it to declare war on the Netherlands. During this time Holland and†¦show more content†¦This aided them tremendously since she offered them all the help and supplies they needed whilst remaining a â€Å"neutral† country. Next are the American Loyalists, the ones whom remain faithful to Britain throughout the American Revolution. During the revolution, there were the Loyalists and the Patriots. Patriots were also known as the Revolutionaries. The Patriots or the Revolutionaries were fighting against Britain and the crown for power of their own. They did not want to be under Britain’s reign nor let Britain have say so over anything they done. To intimidate the Loyalists, the Patriots did terrible things. One of the few things that the Loyalists had to go through was â€Å"tar and feathering†. â€Å"Tar and feathering† was the process where people are stripped naked, drenched in tar, then covered in feathers. Whilst covered in this disgusting mixture they are to parade around town while being mocked then having the feathers plucked off their naked bodies. Another way Loyalists were tortured was not necessarily physically but they often had property seized and were under personal attacks constantly. Personally, I feel for them because I know living throug h this must have been hell. On the same token, they possibly should have considered remaining faithful to their country by moving back rather than staying here to get harassed and killed. As for the remaining slaves owned by Loyalists after the war they were freed by Britain they still did notShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolu tions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution913 Words   |  4 Pages While the american revolution was caused from taxes, it was also formed from the effects of a corrupt system of government. The effects of britains rule was a much bigger flame for the revolution then the taxes placed upon citizens. The american revolution was an event that will forever shape us as a country. It was a tough war filled with blood and brutal acts of violence, but it was also an awakening for the colonies that will later become the United States, it showed that while under a governmentRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCaus es Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the French

Birthday dishes Free Essays

A birthday is a personal day for all children or adults. Planning for birthday dishes may seem like a simple project, but it can be difficult with a lot of work. Organization, preparation, and food selection. We will write a custom essay sample on Birthday dishes or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, we needed a good organization. For example, making a list of family, relatives, friends, others in order to know the number of the guests Secondly, we spent time selecting the right food. Informal meals usually include appetizer and drinks, the main dishes and deserts as ell as the local dishes. Prepare the appetizer, which can include salads, nuts, potato chips, and snacks. Soft drinks, fruit Juice, and alcohol go well with the appetizer. Prepare the main dishes, such as chicken in paste, School food like pasted mammalian serve with potatoes and salty Nile parched in paste(agar) which are my favorite dishes, green vegetables in paste, grind pea in paste (mongo) served with moo- yea, and bush meat , roasted pork, , grilled chicken, all serve with potatoes, smashed cassava, rice, millet, maize and sorghum posh, Cheesecake and apple pie, paw-paw, avocado, the lion’s heart, pineapple, mangoes can also be Included with the deserts and My mother spent the whole day in the kitchen cooking and preparing all the above for us. The cake arrived in the evening and soon my friends and other Invited guests started pouring in. At last, making my birthday dishes takes a lot of time. Through organization, preparing, and selecting the food, I found out that planning a successful birthday party dishes was not really simple and easy. How to cite Birthday dishes, Papers

Organizational Management for Contingent and Planned Aspects

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Management for Contingent and Planned Aspects. Answer: Introduction The essay helps in analysing the relationship between the contingent and planned aspects of the organization and the impact of the same on the guidance of the organizational design. Proper analysis is required to be done as this will help in understanding such aspects in an effectual manner. The main aim and purpose of the essay is to identify the different kind of relationships that is integral part of the business. Proper kind of relationship is required to be maintained effectively as this will help in achieving the organizational goals. The structure of the essay includes the relationship between planned and contingent aspects of the organization in an effectual manner. The evaluation of the relevance of the organizational design has to be analysed effectually as this will help in analysing distinctive features of the contemporary organizational environment. Relationship between the contingent and planned aspects of organization In the present era, it has been seen that society along with the entire organization have a clear and accurate relationship that is essential and integral part for the success of the entire business. The organization is the entire group of individuals who work together in the organized manner to accomplish the common along with overall goal of the entire organization. The society is defined as the community of different kind of individuals who are living in the society or region wherein they share the same kind of customs and association of laws as well (Wolf and Floyd, 2017). Furthermore, the external and internal environment of different organizations keeps on changing and there is huge kind of uncertainty wherein there is no such prediction of the future as well (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright 2017). However, it is hard for the organizations to prepare themselves for different kind of situations that occur accidently and that is beyond the control as well. The different managers of the organization need to realize and be aware about the structure of the organizational structure that is required in order to gain competitive advantage. The managers of the organization have to practice and realize how to assistance of the effectiveness of the design of the organization by the inclusion of planning along with different kind of contingent strategies as this will help the company in sustaining for a long-term in the entire competitive market (Ivert et al., 2015). Planning is defined as the process of thinking wherein proper assumptions are required to be made about the current realities along with future probabilities as well (Ahimbisibwe, Cavana and Daellenbach 2015). These will help in analysing and evaluating the information about the two as well wherein the planning process will address the different techniques that are required and this will help the organization in outlining the different processes for accomplishing the different objectives as well. The entire process will start with the reviewing the different kind of operational capabilities of the organization by accomplishing the objectives (Hillier 2017). Proper planning is essential in nature wherein this will help the organizations in predicting the different kind of outcomes that will help in understanding the different processes that are required to achieve the success in the competitive market (Berger 2015). The societies need the organization as this will help them in creating a stable and dynamic environment in an effectual manner. The contingent aspect of the organizational design is potential economic kind of event that may or may not occur in the future is unpredictable in nature. The contingent factors such as strategy, environment, size and age of the organization along with the technological factors will help in improving the design of the organization. The organizational design has to be planned in an effectual manner as this will help the companies in implement the technological advancements in an effectual manner. Both external and internal environment is required to be analysed as this will help in understanding the different issues and solve them effectually. Evidence from research literature Alexander (2017) commented that both planned and contingent factors play a significant role in implementing the organizational design. The contingent factors include the strategy, environment, size, age of the organization along with the technology required in the organization. Different kind of contingent factors play a significant role in analysing such changes and this will help in understanding the requirements for the strategy. Furthermore, proper planning is required to be done in the organizations as this will help the companies in understanding the different kind of strategies that needs to implemented in the organizations to plan accordingly as well. Macaulay (2018) stated that planning is essential in the different kind of organizations as this will help in analysing the number of employees who are required to understand the different kind of adoption for the change in an effectual manner. Proper technological advancements are essential with accurate planning as this will help the company in understanding the different kind of contingency factors in an effectual manner. It has been seen by Lei et al. (2016) that environment has huge influence on the process of decision making as this will help in making decisions stable in an unpredictable environment. Nemkova et al. (2015) commented that the different kind of contingency factors are helpful in deciding the different kind of among the different departments as this will help the entire organization in solving the issues and help the company in understanding the difficulties as well to improve the entire performance of the organization effectually. Proper organizational design is essential in nature in the organization as this will help the organization to implement the different kind of strategies along with other contingent factors to improve the design of the organization effectively. Sager (2017) commented that there are different kind of external factors that has to be considered by the organizations as this can affect the organizational design in a huge manner. Proper analysis of the Porters Five Forces Analysis will help in understanding the bargaining power of the suppliers along the threat from the existing and new companies. The external factors will create huge influence on the strategic design of the companies that will optimize the entire organizational design and this can create huge positive influence on the organization (Sirn and Kohtamki 2016). Reflection from own work experience When I used to work with an organization in the Human Resource Department, I was happy working in the organization as the different colleagues were helpful in making me understand the different kind of issues and helped me in analysing such issues effectively. While working in the organization, I tried to understand the relationship between the contingent and planned management in the organizational design. The entire organization was performing well in the competitive market as there was proper planning implementation in the organization. As I was in the HR department, I tried to properly plan the different activities of the organization in an effective manner as this was required in order to achieve the different targets in comparison to the other competitors in the market. The contingent decisions required proper planning in the respective organization as this helped me in understanding the different external factors in comparison to the other competitors in the market in an effectual manner. I tried to understand and analyse the size and age of the organization as this provided me a brief on analysis of the different kind of issues in an effectual manner. I considered the different kind of strategies that can be implemented by our organization that includes the change in the structure of the organization along with building different steps as to achieve such objectives in the entire organization. At the entire corporate level, the different formulation of the strategies will help in understanding the strategic objectives that will help in making the entire function effective in nature. The decision-making process was implemented by the HR department of the company with the coordination of the different departments of the organization along with analysis of the adoption to the change that can help the organization to adopt to such changes and perform better in the organization as well. Proper technological advancements are analysed by the respective organization that has helped my organization in implementing such changes and it helped in converting the different resources into outputs for the entire organization as well. There was an huge issues in the organization that was related to the backwardness in the technology in comparison to the competitors. From the entire and whole experience, it can be seen that I was successful in implementing the different kind of changes such as planned and contingency changes in the organization as this helped me in understanding the different resources effectively as well. With the help of the practical implementation, I tried to understand the different kind of relationship that exists between the contingency plan and the planning that is required in the organizations as to generate the different kind of changes in the organizations. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a huge relationship between the contingency plan and the planning as this helps the organization in understanding the different kind of requirements of technological advancements and strategies that will help in solving the different kind of issues in comparison to the competitors. The SWOT and Porters Five Forces Analysis has been done as this has helped the company in designing the entire organizational structure in such a manner as well. References Ahimbisibwe, A., Cavana, R.Y. and Daellenbach, U., 2015. A contingency fit model of critical success factors for software development projects: A comparison of agile and traditional plan-based methodologies.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,28(1), pp.7-33. Alexander, E., 2017. After rationality: Towards a contingency theory for planning. InExplorations in planning theory(pp. 45-64). Routledge. Berger, C.R., 2015. . PLANNING, AFFECT, AND SOCIAL ACTION GENERATION. InCommunication, Social Cognition, and Affect (PLE: Emotion)(pp. 109-132). Psychology Press. Hillier, J., 2017. Throwing dice: Between contingency and necessity in spatial planning. InConnections(pp. 111-128). Routledge. Ivert, L.K., Dukovska-Popovska, I., Fredriksson, A., Dreyer, H.C. and Kaipia, R., 2015. Contingency between S OP design and planning environment.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,45(8), pp.747-773. Lei, Z., Waller, M.J., Hagen, J. and Kaplan, S., 2016. Team adaptiveness in dynamic contexts: Contextualizing the roles of interaction patterns and in-process planning.Group Organization Management,41(4), pp.491-525. Macaulay, S., 2018. Non-contractual relations in business: A preliminary study. InThe Law and Society Canon(pp. 155-167). Routledge. Nemkova, E., Souchon, A.L., Hughes, P. and Micevski, M., 2015. Does improvisation help or hinder planning in determining export success? Decision theory applied to exporting.Journal of International Marketing,23(3), pp.41-65. Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management.International Journal of Project Management,35(2), pp.169-179. Sager, T., 2017. Communicative Planning. InThe Routledge Handbook of Planning Theory(pp. 105-116). Routledge. Sirn, C. and Kohtamki, M., 2016. Stretching strategic learning to the limit: The interaction between strategic planning and learning.Journal of Business Research,69(2), pp.653-663. Wolf, C. and Floyd, S.W., 2017. Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda.Journal of Management,43(6), pp.1754-1788.

Meliá Hotels International The Leadership Model

Battle of Santiago de Cuba in the Spanish-American War

Battle of Santiago de Cuba in the Spanish-American War The climatic naval battle of the Spanish-American War, the Battle of Santiago de Cuba resulted in a decisive victory for the US Navy and the complete destruction of the Spanish squadron. Anchored in Santiago harbor in southern Cuba, Spanish Admiral Pascual Cerveras six ships found themselves blockaded by the US Navy in the late spring of 1898. With the advance of American forces ashore, Cerveras position became untenable and on July 3 he attempted to escape with his squadron. Cervera was soon intercepted by American battleships and cruisers under Rear Admiral William T. Sampson and Commodore William S. Schley. In a running battle, the superior American firepower reduced Cerveras ships to burning wrecks. The loss of Cerveras squadron effectively cut off Spanish forces in Cuba. Situation Prior to July 3 Following sinking of USS Maine and the outbreak of war between Spain and the United States on April 25, 1898, the Spanish government dispatched a fleet under Admiral Pascual Cervera to defend Cuba. Though Cervera was against such a move, preferring to engage the Americans near the Canary Islands, he obeyed and after evading the US Navy arrived at Santiago de Cuba in late May. On May 29, Cerveras fleet was spotted in the harbor by Commodore Winfield S. Schleys Flying Squadron. Two days later, Rear Admiral William T. Sampson arrived with the US North Atlantic Squadron and after taking overall command began a blockade of the harbor. Rear Admiral William T. Sampson, USN. US Naval History and Heritage Command Commanders Fleets US North Atlantic Squadron - Rear Admiral William T. Sampson Armored Cruiser USS New York (flagship)Battleship USS Iowa (BB-4)Battleship USS Indiana (BB-1)Battleship USS Oregon (BB-3)Armed Yacht Gloucester US Flying Squadron - Commodore Winfield Scott Schley Armored Cruiser USS Brooklyn (flagship)Battleship USS TexasBattleship USS Massachusetts (BB-2)Armed Yacht USS Vixen Spanish Caribbean Squadron - Admiral Pascual Cervera Armored Cruiser Infanta Maria Teresa (flagship)Armored Cruiser Almirante OquendoArmored Cruiser VizcayaArmored Cruiser Cristobal ColonTorpedo Boat Destroyer PlutonTorpedo Boat Destroyer Furor Cervera Decides to Break Out While at anchor in Santiago, Cerveras fleet was protected by the heavy guns of the harbor defenses. In June, his situation became more tenuous following the landing of American troops up the coast at Guantnamo Bay. As the days passed, Cervera waited for inclement weather to scatter the blockade so that he could escape the harbor. Following the American victories at El Caney and San Juan Hill on July 1, the admiral concluded that he would have to fight his way out before the city fell. He decided to wait until 9:00 AM on Sunday July 3, hoping to catch the American fleet while it conducting church services (Map). Spanish Navy armored cruisers Cristà ³bal Colà ³n (left) and Vizcaya. US Naval History and Heritage Command The Fleets Meet On the morning of July 3, as Cervera was preparing to break out, Adm. Sampson pulled his flagship, the armored cruiser USS New York, out of line to meet with ground commanders at Siboney leaving Schley in command. The blockade was further weakened by the departure of the battleship USS Massachusetts which had retired to coal. Emerging from Santiago Bay at 9:45, Cerveras four armored cruisers steered southwest, while his two torpedo boats turned southeast. Aboard the armored cruiser USS Brooklyn, Schley signaled the four battleships still on the blockade to intercept. A Running Fight Cervera began the fight from his flagship, Infanta Maria Teresa, by opening fire on the approaching Brooklyn. Schley led the American fleet towards the enemy with the battleships Texas, Indiana, Iowa, and Oregon in line behind. As the Spaniards steamed by, Iowa hit Maria Teresa with two 12 shells. Not wishing to expose his fleet to fire from the entire American line, Cervera turned his flagship to cover their withdrawal and directly engaged Brooklyn. Taken under heavy fire by Schleys ship, Maria Teresa began to burn and Cervera ordered it run aground. The remainder of Cerveras fleet raced for open water but was slowed by inferior coal and fouled bottoms. As the American battleships bore down, Iowa opened fire on Almirante Oquendo, ultimately causing a boiler explosion that forced the crew to scuttle the ship. The two Spanish torpedo boats, Furor and Pluton, were put out of action by fire from Iowa, Indiana, and the returning New York, with one sinking and the other running aground before exploding. End of Vizcaya At the head of the line, Brooklyn engaged the armored cruiser Vizcaya in an hour-long duel at approximately 1,200 yards. Despite firing over three hundred rounds, Vizcaya failed to inflict significant damage on its adversary. Subsequent studies have suggested that as much as eighty-five percent of the Spanish ammunition used during the battle may have been defective. In response, Brooklyn bludgeoned Vizcaya and was joined by Texas. Moving closer, Brooklyn struck Vizcaya with an 8 shell that caused an explosion setting the ship on fire. Turning for shore, Vizcaya ran aground where the ship continued to burn. Oregon Runs Down Cristobal Colon After more than an hours fighting, Schleys fleet had destroyed all but one of Cerveras ships. The survivor, the new armored cruiser Cristobal Colon, continued fleeing along the coast. Recently purchased, the Spanish Navy did not have time to install the ships primary armament of 10 guns before sailing. Slowed due to engine trouble, Brooklyn was unable to catch the retreating cruiser. This allowed the battleship Oregon, which had recently completed a remarkable voyage from San Francisco in the wars early days, to move forward. Following an hour-long chase Oregon opened fire and forced Colon to run aground. USS Oregon (BB-3). US Naval History and Heritage Command Aftermath The Battle of Santiago de Cuba marked the end of large-scale naval operations in the Spanish-American War. In course of the fighting, Sampson and Schleys fleet lost a miraculous 1 killed (Yeoman George H. Ellis, USS Brooklyn) and 10 wounded. Cervera lost all six of his ships, as well as 323 killed and 151 wounded. In addition, approximately 70 officers, including the admiral, and 1,500 men were taken prisoner. With the Spanish Navy unwilling to risk any additional ships in Cuban waters, the islands garrison was effectively cut off, ultimately dooming them to surrender.

Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human rights - Essay Example Under the universal declaration of human rights, specific articles have been put in place in regard to spelling out on what rights are. For example, article 1 of the universal declaration of human rights, it is spelled out that all human beings are equal in dignity and rights. Analytically, this could be termed as the primary concept of interpreting how every human being should be treated. This means that any act of discriminating or undermining the state of another human being is uncalled for. Another major article is article 3, which stipulates that e very person has the rights to life. In relation to this article, it is correct to argue that any act by another human being that threatens the life of another human being could amount to violation of this right. In this regard, it is indispensable that human rights are critical and needs to be protected effectively. Time and again, political intrigues have been cited as the major course for human rights violations (Donnelly 10). As the political class fight for power and supremacy, most of the human rights are violated. This has been evidenced by historical genocides violence against the minority groups. Nevertheless, violation of human rights could also come in terms of other social economic factors that minority groups are

Roles, Responsibilities and Boundaries in Teaching Case Study

Roles, Responsibilities and Boundaries in Teaching - Case Study Example Teachers are also governed by boundaries. Boundaries are usually driven by social ethics. Boundaries, roles and responsibilities are qualities within which a teacher’s operations are assessed. Their success in their work is usually reflected by their teaching or training cycle. Generally, teachers should provide a communication means with students in which they find it easy and efficient to communicate and relate to the topics in the study course. The responsibilities and roles vary with time and results from assessments. Results and recommendations from prior assessments are incorporated in the development of new teaching skills and responsibilities. According to Wallace (2007), teachers should have the role of creating a safe learning environment and establishing open and trust relationships with learners. By recording results and assessments, it helps a teacher to keep an update on the changes among the learners which may be useful in setting future objectives and aims (Bid well, 2001). Teachers should take up the role of identifying the need of both the institution and learner. After identification, they should come up with a working framework that suits a learner efficiently and within the stipulated needs of the institutions. The working framework should also be according to the syllabus. Identifying of needs also gives the recommendations on individual or group learning for specific students.

Coca Cola The Company | Commerce Essay

Coca Cola The Company | Commerce Essay Organizations do not simply appears on their own, It requires proper planning and formal structure to ensure that organization will perform as expected. It is a social system formed by likeminded people, to achieve stated objectives or common goals of participants. Organizational design deals with factors and issues that should be considered, rules and processes that must be implemented. A successful organizational design helps to develop, implement and maintain effective organizational process, (Allan S.Gutterman). Organizational design is more than just defining the formal structure of organization. (Allan S.Gutterman).it also includes management decision making process, values, policies, mission, vision, goals and purposes for which organization exists. Thus it requires creativity and careful planning to design structure of an organization. This creativity has led the organizational design to organizational architecture. Coca cola the company: http://jobs.paktutorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Coca-Cola.gif Coca cola is a beverage company. It is manufacturer, distributor, and marketer for non-alcohol beverages and syrups. The coca cola company is truly global firm in real terms. Coca cola operate very smartly around the globe. It knows how to deal with changed culture, drinking habits and taste for specific beverages in specific regions. It thus used to changes its syrup formula and molds it according to taste and preferences of people in different regions. There are five main factors that holds important place in success of coca cola. Well recognized brand Around the globe Consistently improving quality Innovative and unique marketing program worldwide Availability on large scale, almost in every region of world Continuous stream of quality products e.g. Diet Coke (1982), Coca-Cola Vanilla (2002). Probably, coca cola is the sole product that is universally relevant in every corner of the globe, the Company feels that its its responsibility is to ensure that with every single can or bottle of Coca-Cola sold and enjoyed, individual connections are made with their consumer. Organizational structure of coca cola: Organizational structure of coca cola has characteristics of both mechanical and organic structure. The company has a centralized structure but recently there is a twist, it is moving from centralized to decentralized structure. Coca cola is well aware of how important it is to meet ever changing demands of customers. This realization has played key role in transition from centralized to decentralized structure of Coca cola. Two main operating groups of company include corporate and bottling management. Corporate operations are also divided in different regions like America, Europe, and Africa North America etc. in order to be more responsive to local demands of customers in different regions, its will work a lot to allow and encourage decision making at local level. In this way, upper management can devote more time to long term planning rather than devoting time to short term and little issues. Important decisions of company like financial human resource, innovation marketing strategy etc are centrally located within corporate division of company. In each region f company, some of these functions are performed on low level; most of the decisions are made by top management of company. For instance the decision to support world cup was made by top management, but local and regional branched were also considered important and were allowed to make advertising decisions. Such as they were asked to develop marketing strategies for local market In 2004, new CEO, Neville lsdell introduced more complex interategrate mechanism. In order to recover from extremely growth rate or company, lsdell used team of top management to create a culture of innovation and decision making. Employees at lower level can be informed by face to face meetings. Balance in organizational design is important as it allows some flexibility, as well as it will give organization some flexibility. The design of the company is hybrid or mixture of both organic ad mechanistic structure, and the company emphasis more on responsiveness. Recent research has revealed that company has 94800 employees, and more than five hierarchal levels of organization. Although the structure is good enough, company faces the communication problem. One survey revealed that company and people lack clear goals and objectives. While organization is trying to engage ore employed, that tall hierarchies will also create communication problems at the company. From last two decades, many firms are founding it difficult to reach their financial objectives, due to recent ethical crisis associate with organizations financial objectives. Warren Buffet served as a member of the board of directors and was a strong supporter and investor in Coca-Cola but resigned from the board in 2006 after several years of frustration with Coca-Colas failure to overcome many challenges. In 2000, company failed to make the top ten of Fortunes annual Americas Most Admired Companies list for the first time in a decade. The company is committed to refresh everyone who had touched the business of coca cola. Thus company gained the status of well recognized brand around the globe. Coca cola has great concern for social responsibility. The company is fulfilling all requirements of Corporate and social responsibility. it believes in transparency, honesty and integrity in business dealings, improved relationships with all stakeholders. In its services for community, coca cola has provided scholarships to more than 170 colleges, and this number is expected to grow to 287 over the next four years. It includes 30 tribal colleges belonging to the American Indian College Fund. Coca-Cola is also involved with the Hispanic Scholarship Fund. So, the demand of more accountability has no clear impact on behavior of Coca Cola. Conclusion: Coca cola is a very well reputed and well recognized beverage supplier all around the globe. It has hybrid structure of organic and mechanistic structure of organization. The company is committed to provide continuously improved quality products. To be more responsive to local demand of customers in different regions, coca cola allows local managers, at lower level to make decisions about changing demands of local customers to be more responsive, flexible and adaptive to change. The structure of company has centralized decision making as well decentralized to some extent. Some decisions are made by top management and lower level employees are engaged in decision making process by allowing them to decide about promotional or marketing strategy for their respective regions. Coca cola is in struggle to Connect with more employees; this has created some communication problems for the company. Company has enough potential to cope with different challenges and issues. Coca cola has great concern for CSR practices and believe on transparency, honesty and integrity in business operations so, the increased demand to accountability has no negative impact on coca cola, and instead it is contributing factor in improved performance by the company.

Telephone and Fax Machines

Critically evaluate the tools (letters, e-mail, video conference, memo, phone) of business communication in a commercial organization. To visit any commercial organization, to understand the working and importance of each of these tools. Memo A memorandum or memo is a document or other communication that helps the memory by recording events or observations on a topic, such as may be used in a business office. Letters A commercial business letter is a letter written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. E-mail An email message consists of three components, the messageenvelope, the message header, and the message body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time stamp. Video Conference A videoconference or video conference (also known as a videoteleconference) is a set of interactivetelecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. Fax A fax (short for facsimile) is a document sent over a telephone line. Fax machines have existed, in various forms, since the 19th century, though modern fax machines became feasible only in the mid-1970s as the sophistication of technology increased and cost of the three underlying technologies dropped. Businesses usually maintain some kind of fax capability, the technology has faced increasing competition from Internet-based alternatives. However, fax machines still retain some advantages, particularly in the transmission of sensitive material which, if sent over the Internet unencrypted, may be vulnerable to interception, without the need for telephone tapping. In some countries, because electronic signatures on contracts are not recognized by law while faxed contracts with copies of signatures are, fax machines enjoy continuing support in business. Telephone The telephone often colloquially referred to as a phone, is atelecommunications device that transmits and receives sound, most commonly the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-pointcommunication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other. It is one of the most common appliances in thedeveloped world, and has long been considered indispensable to businesses, households and governments. Circulars Flyers are typically used by individuals or businesses to promote their products or services. They are a form of mass marketing or small scale, communitycommunication. Office circulars are used in the company to convey the same information to all the employees. Make a report based on the accounting books maintained by a manufacturing concern. To study the way they are maintained. JOURNAL Journal is the book in which the transactions are entered the first time they are processed . PETTY CASH BOOK A petty cash book is a record of small value purchases usually controlled by imprest system. Items such as coffee, tea, birthday cards for employees, a few dollars if you're short on postage, are listed down in the petty cash book.

FHR detection common method for antenatal determination of fetal well being

IntroductionCardiotocography Fetal bosom rate ( FHR ) sensing is one of the most common important methods for prenatal finding of foetal well being helping in the designation of possible jeopardies to the foetus such as foetal hypoxia and hurt ( Philip 2002 ) . More than 60 per centum of foetal deceases occur before the oncoming of bringing ( RCOG 2001 ) , hence it would be natural to widen the rules of intrapartum foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) monitoring to the prenatal period. An of import figure of prenatal deceases happens in adult females who have hazard factors for uteroplacental inadequacy ( UPI ) ( Garite TJ et al1978 ) . An ideal trial for measuring the antepartum foetus would allow intercession before foetal decease or asphyxia harm. Before the handiness of such trials, the lone method to avoid this job was to excessively early deliver such foetuss based on empirical hazard informations, as in the method proposed by Priscilla White for pull offing diabetics ( Pecile A et Al 1969 ) . Acute intrapartum exigencies and hapless foetal oxygenation normally contribute to stillbirth and neonatal deceases, every bit good as to long-run neurologic disablements, including mental damage and intellectual paralysis ( Lawn JE 2009 ; Lawn J 2005 ; Lawn JE 2009 ; Stanton C 2006 ; Hill K 2007 ) . Much of modern obstetric attention in high and many middle-income states have been directed at cut downing both antepartum and intrapartum foetal O want. These attempts have included the designation of adult females at hazard, such as those adult females with pre-eclampsia, reaping hook cell disease and diabetes, and those with compromised foetuss at hazard in the absence of maternal complications, such as those with growing limitation or oligohydramnios. Designation of these conditions in the prenatal period is normally followed by assorted types of antenatal showing to observe those foetuss at even higher hazard for hapless oxygenation. The usage of ultrasound for supervising amnionic fluid degrees and foetal advancement electronic foetal bosom rate monitoring, foetal motion numeration, and Doppler blood flow measurings have all contributed to better designation of at hazard gestations ( Koblinsky M 2006 ; Lawn JE 2005 ; Ronsmans C 2including foetal bosom rate monitoring to place those foetuss in danger. rapid instrumental birth or cesarian bringing consequences in significant mortality decreases during labour and in the early neonatal period ( Hart JT 1971 ) . Therefore, by and big, high income states have successfully reduced intrapartum foetal organ harm and the associated inauspicious gestation results, including intrapartum spontaneous abortion and intrapartum related neonatal mortality ( Hill K 2007 ) . In the 3rd universe states, particularly those have been missing in a well-functioning health care system, intrapartum foetal organ harm due to hapless oxygenation remains a really considerable job ( Hill K 2007 ; Velaphi S 2007 ; Lee AC 2009 ; WHO 2005 ; Darmstadt GL 2009 ) . In these countries, because of chronic nutritionary want, increased exposure to environmental pollutants, and the presence of many ill or untreated medical environments, the hazard of foetal harm during labor is mostly increased compared with that seen in high-income states. As inveterate malnourished adult females tend to hold little pelvic girdles, they are at increased hazard of enduring long and obstructed labor, which besides well increases the hazard of the foetus or newborn enduring an intrapartum hurt. Lack of entree to allow obstetric attention, particularly during labors, compounds the hazard of unfavorable foetal results such as decease or disablement. Antepartum foetal monitoring based on the conventional cardiotocography ( CTG ) is a non-invasive and simple instrument to prove foetal status. Its debut in the clinical modus operandi reduced the incidence of foetal jobs taking to a restriction of the precocious kid mortality. Even so, really hapless indicants on foetal pathology position can be understood from the automatic CTG analysis methods, which are, in fact, have been used. The sense is that foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) signals and uterine contractions convoy much more information on fetal province than is normally extracted by conventional analysis methods. In peculiar, FHR signal contains indicants about the nervous development of the foetus. FHR form acknowledgment, including the relationship between the uterine contractions and foetal bosom rate slowings, are simple to the usage of uninterrupted CTGA A monitoring. Algorithms have been developed to measure and records. What is normal, what requires more careful attending and what is considered unnatural necessitating immediate bringing of the babe ( RCOG 2001a ) . However, CTG hints are frequently interpreted in a varied manner by differentA degrees of experience ofA the health professionals ( inter-observer fluctuation ) and even by the same health professional construing the same record at different times ( intra-observer fluctuation ) ( Devane 2005a ) . Such fluctuation in reading of CTG tracings may ensue inA A false comfort or deficiency of appropriate intercession. Although we were unable to turn up surveies who sought to look into inter and intra perceiver fluctuation in intermittent auscultation, it would look realistic to propose that this techniqueA is non immu ne to alike jobs caused by inter- and intra-observer fluctuation ( AlfirevicA A 2007 ) . A CTG, composed of FHR and uterine contractions ( UC ) recordings, is an indispensable tool for foetal observation and has been used in a scope of diagnostic trials, such as the non-stress trial ( NST ) which is based on the analysis of the FHR signal ( Fontenla-Romero et al. 2001 ) . Its debut in mundane clinical pattern limited the happening of a foetal job therefore taking to extinguish and cut downing of the precocious kid mortality ( Signorini et al. 2003 ) . Each twelvemonth at least 500.000 adult females around the universe base on balls off due to pregnancy-related causes. Merely in the Third World states, 99 % of these deceases occur, Where troubles get downing from gestation and illegal abortions are the first slayers of adult females in 20s and 30s ages.A A The World Health Organization ( WHO ) functionaries warning that maternal deceases those following straight or indirectly from gestation within 40 two yearss from the labor day of the month, caused abortion, or failureA A may really be twice the estimated facts. What is to boot for all adult females who pass off, many more suffer serious, over and over long-run wellness jobs, that bearing life leads decease to so many adult females is a painful incongruousness. It isA farther moreA straitening given that household planning and preventative medical specialty may cut down these loses ( UNICEF 2009 ) . Because more than two tierces of foetal deceases take topographic point before the start of labor ( HEW/NIH 1979 ; Fontenla-Romero et Al. 2001 ) . It would be natural to widen the rules of intrapartum foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) monitoring to the prenatal period in an attempt to avoid these foetal deceases. A significant figure of prenatal deceases occurs in adult females who have hazard factors for uteroplacental inadequacy ( UPI ) ( Garite TJ et Al 1978 ) . Figure 1.1 shows Causes of deceases among kids under age five ( WHO 2010, UNICEF 2010, ) . An ideal trial for measuring the antepartum foetus would allow intercession before foetal decease or asphyctic harm. As in the method proposed by Priscilla White for pull offing diabetics ( White P 1965 ) . The job with such an attack is double: The bulk of such prematurely delivered foetuss were non in jeopardy, and the morbidity and mortality from premature intercession frequently go over those of the original hazard factor. It would be pr eferred to handle the disease procedure and let the foetus to travel to term ; nevertheless, we have made few progresss in handling UPI. Figure 1.1 Major causes of decease in neonates and kids ( WHO2010 ) Continuous monitoring of the foetal bosom rate during labor became a common pattern during the 1970s and has remained an recognized technique for measuring foetal good being in labour unit moderately late. Attitudes towards foetal monitoring have changed as more research findings are published and reviewed foregrounding both the good and damaging effects of uninterrupted electronic foetal bosom rate monitoring ( EFM ) ( RCOG 2001a ; Quintiles et Al 1995 ; Neilson & A ; Grant 1993 ) . The foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) is being used to bespeak the wellbeing of the foetus for over 160 old ages. Merely during the last 25 old ages of the last century the development in scientific discipline and engineering have made the uninterrupted monitoring possible ( Rooth et al. 1987 ) . The bosom rate ( HR ) provides information ‘s about the synergic activity of the independent nervous system ( ANS ) which controls the bosom round kineticss ( Kamath & A ; Fallen 1993 ) . FHR reflects the interactions between the sympathetic ( SNS ) and parasympathetic nervous system ( PSNS ) . In the normal foetus, the stimulation of SNS consequences in an addition of HR while the stimulation of PSNS consequences in a lessening of HR ( Parer 1997 ; Georgoulas et Al. 2006a ) . In add-on, several conditions such as foetal hypoxia, academe and drug initiation produce rather apparent FHR fluctuations both in the clip and frequence sphere which provide reliable indicants on the foetal position ( S mith et al. 1988 ; Lindecrantz et Al. 1993 ) .PROBLEM STATEMENT AND MOTIVATIONChild birth is considered a natural procedure sometimes it can be more complicated than usual. Harmonizing to WHO study ( WHO 2005 ; WHO 2007 ) , maternal mortality and still births are among the most lurid gestation results. Over 600,000 maternal deceases and 4 million spontaneous abortions occur every twelvemonth worldwide ( McCLure et al. 2007 ) . There is a big difference in both maternal mortality and spontaneous abortion between the developed and developing states. Largest Numberss of babes die in South-East-Asian part: 1.4 million still births each twelvemonth ( WHO 2005 ) . This was the chief motive behind this work. Better wellness attention installations like regular foetal monitoring, particularly for high hazard gestations can convey down the maternal and child morbidity and mortality rate. Figure 1.2 shows the decease rate all over the universe. Figure 1.2 Mortality rate all over the universe Although CTG represents the most widely used non-invasive tool in clinical pattern for foetal monitoring since 1970, it fails to place all the exigencies of foetal pathologies ( Signorini et al. 2003 ) . Since 1970 many research workers have employed different methods to assist the physicians to construe the CTG hint form from the field of signal processing and computing machine scheduling. They have supported physicians and readings in order to make a satisfactory degree of dependability to move as a determination support system in OBs. Up to now, none of them has been adopted worldwide for mundane pattern ( van Geijnt 1996 ) . There is presently no consensus on the best methodological analysis for baseline appraisal in computing machine analysis of the cardiotocograph. The algorithm proposed in this paper will assist and back up the physicians and readings to do a good reading for all gestation instances before bringing and its application can be used in all infirmaries as first co mputerized sensing package for CTG form parametric quantity analyser. There are still several jobs related to its effectivity and consistence ( MacDonald et al. 1985 ) particularly, during ocular reading ( Georgoulas et al. 2006a ) . Clinical CTG reading is soon based on ocular analysis ( Guijarro-Berdinas et al. 2002a ) , and this classical method is subjective as emotional, single experience and different degrees of expertness ( Jezewski et al. 2007 ) will hold a catalytic consequence on the concluding determination a hold in the sensing of an anomalousness and in subsequent clinical intercession could magnify the complications during intrapartum, postpartum and even in the early months of life. Despite the possibility that the presence of many international guidelines from the international federation of Obstetricss and gynaecology ( FIGO ) ( Rooth et al. 1987 ) , National institute of kid Health ( NICE ) ( National Institute of Child Health, Human Development Research Planning Workshop 1997 ) and the royal college of accoucheurs and genecology ( RCOG ) for electronic foetal monitoring there exists a high grade of inter-observer and intra-observer variableness ( Ayres-de-campo et al. 1999 ; Bernardes et Al. 19 97 ; Georgoulas et Al. 2007 ) . While incompatibilities in CTG reading and addition in false positive diagnosing created incredulity, the progresss in signal processing and pattern acknowledgment methods smoothed the manner for machine-controlled techniques to supply early warnings about the foetal conditions. Any mechanization procedure in CTG analysis will hold to cover with the job of characteristic extraction and categorizations to come out with a diagnosing. This job is the effect of an improper and imprecise set of definition on the parametric quantities involved and mechanisms employed in the literature for the intent ( Guijarro-Berdinas et al. 2002a ) . FHR is normally found normal even for pregnant adult females with high hazard of premature birth and abortion. FHR monitoring is one of the methods to prove foetal wellbeing, place for possible abnormalcies, and acknowledge the diseased status. FHR abnormalcies may, nevertheless, occur at any clip. The ability to execute long-run monitoring of the FHR would therefore supply more information on the foetal status ( Brown & A ; Patrick 1981 ; Mohd Ali et Al. 1995 ) .OBJECTIVES OF THESISThe chief aim of this research is to develop effectual algorithms for FHR characteristic extraction and systematic categorization utilizing both programming package ‘s and fuzzed logic. The major undertakings involved are listed below: Design and development of conventional FHR characteristic extractions methods based on RCOG guidelines. Design and development of conventional CTG categorization methods based on RCOG guidelines. Design and development of a signal sweetening method for both FHR and UC recordings of CTG signals. Followed by, determining the effectivity of the proposed signal sweetening method by comparing the consequences with those of bing methods and experts ( accoucheurs ) appraisal. Validating the conventional procedure by comparing the consequences with those of experts ocular reading utilizing an appropriate statistical method for comparing.Scope OF STUDYThis thesis presents a fresh method for CTG signal sweetening and characteristic extractions and categorization ; the method based on the cardinal forms defined by the RCOG guidelines ; conventional method which is wholly independent of the basic FHR characteristic such as baseline, variableness, accelerations, slowings and uterine contractions. An extended survey on the bing methods for CTG signal sweetening and analysis was done to happen out the aid of experient accoucheurs ocular analysis consequence, as it is considered as one of the gold criterions in this field.ORGANIZATION OF THE THESISIn order to depict basicss of the research activities involved in the survey, this thesis has been organized carefully. The organisation of the thesis is described as follows: A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter I demonstrates the background information on the capable affair and motive behind this research. It besides lists out the job statement, aims of the thesis, range of survey and organisation of the thesis. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter II presents an overview of the foetal bosom and its circulation and different techniques of foetal monitoring. Since uterine contractions influence the fluctuation in foetal bosom rate, physiology of uterine contraction and assorted ways of supervising uterine contraction are besides discussed. A elaborate survey on the cardiotocography, the devices used in electronic foetal monitoring, different signal sweetening techniques and assorted characteristics that can be extracted in a clip and frequence sphere and besides the morphological characteristics are presented. There are several guidelines depicting FHR forms and the manner of categorising them. These guidelines are besides presented in this chapter along with foetal hurt and the usage of CTG in naming it. This chapter describes the different methodological analysis employed by research workers in an effort to work out the CTG jobs. Advantages and restrictions of the CTG technique are discuss ed towards the terminal of the chapter. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter III describes the CTG informations acquisitions procedure in item inclusive of the devices and the package employed. Data ‘s direction and protocols used for informations acquisition are elaborated in this chapter. Detailed account is provided on the conventional FHR characteristic extraction and categorization method employed to accomplish the aims of this work.A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter IV presents a consequence and overall treatment of the research findings. First, description on consequences of the conventional method for pull outing FHR characteristics categorization system are given. Then a elaborate account on the consequences obtained from the pre-processing phase is presented. Methods employed for formalizing the proposed work are discussed, and the results are presented at all phases. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter V provides a decision on the research describes the sum-up of parts and recommends interesting and necessary hereafter work in this field.

Weathering Defined and Explained

Weathering is the gradual destruction of rock under surface conditions, dissolving it, wearing it away or breaking it down into progressively smaller pieces. Think of the Grand Canyon or the red rock formations scattered across the American Southwest.  It  may involve physical processes, called mechanical weathering, or chemical activity, called chemical weathering.  Some geologists  also include the actions of living things, or organic weathering. These organic weathering forces can be classified  as mechanical or chemical or a combination of both. Mechanical Weathering   Mechanical weathering involves five major  processes that physically  break rocks down into sediment or particles: abrasion, crystallization of ice, thermal fracture, hydration shattering, and exfoliation. Abrasion occurs from grinding against other rock particles. Crystallization of ice can result in force sufficient enough to fracture rock. Thermal fracture may occur due to significant temperature changes. Hydration -- the effect of water -- predominantly affects clay minerals. Exfoliation occurs when rock is unearthed after its formation.   Mechanical weathering does not just affect the earth. It can also affect some brick and stone buildings over time.   Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering involves the  decomposition or decay of rock. This type of  weathering doesnt break rocks down but rather alters its chemical composition through carbonation, hydration, oxidation or hydrolysis. Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock toward surface minerals and mostly affects minerals that were unstable in the first place.  For example, water can eventually dissolve limestone. Chemical weathering  can occur in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it  is an element of chemical erosion.   Organic Weathering   Organic weathering is sometimes called bioweathering or biological weathering. It involves factors such as contact with animals—when they dig in the dirt—and plants when their growing roots contact rock. Plant acids can also  contribute to  the dissolution of rock.   Organic weathering isnt a process that stands alone. Its a combination of mechanical weathering factors and chemical weathering factors.   The Result of Weathering   Weathering can range from a change in color all the way to a  complete breakdown of minerals into clay and other surface minerals. It  creates deposits of altered and loosened material  called residue  that is ready to undergo transportation,  moving across the earths surface when propelled by water, wind, ice or gravity  and thus becoming  eroded. Erosion means weathering plus transportation at the same time. Weathering is necessary for erosion, but a rock may weather without undergoing erosion.